网表脚本，后面可以提前检查硬件的错误
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#!/usr/bin/env python3
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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
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r"""netlist_sem.py - KiCad Pcbnew 导出网表 (.tel) 语义化工具
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将精简导出网表（$PACKAGES/$NETS，无料号、无引脚功能名）结合引脚知识库
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(pinout_kb.json) 与规则引擎，生成紧凑的结构化语义图（Markdown），
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供 LLM / 工程师快速理解板级连接。
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用法（仓库根目录，统一 venv 解释器）:
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& '.venv\Scripts\python.exe' tools/netlist_semantics/netlist_sem.py dump-pins docs/硬件平台/V0.0.tel
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& '.venv\Scripts\python.exe' tools/netlist_semantics/netlist_sem.py semantic docs/硬件平台/V0.0.tel -o docs/硬件平台/V0.0_网表语义图.md
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纯标准库实现，无第三方依赖。
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"""
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import argparse
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import json
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import os
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import re
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import sys
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from collections import OrderedDict, defaultdict
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# ---------------------------------------------------------------- 解析
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REF_RE = re.compile(r'^[A-Z]{1,4}\d+$')
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def _group_entries(lines, is_start=None):
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"""按条目分组。is_start(ln) 判断是否新条目起始行；缺省：非空白起始行=新条目。"""
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if is_start is None:
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def is_start(ln):
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return ln[0] not in ' \t'
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entries = []
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cur = []
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for ln in lines:
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if ln.strip() == '':
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continue
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if is_start(ln):
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if cur:
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entries.append('\n'.join(cur))
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cur = [ln]
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else:
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if not cur:
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cur = [ln.strip()]
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else:
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cur.append(ln.strip())
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if cur:
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entries.append('\n'.join(cur))
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return entries
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def _tokens_after(text, sep=';'):
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head, _, tail = text.partition(sep)
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tail = tail.replace(',', ' ')
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return head.strip(), [t for t in tail.split() if t]
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def _parse_package(entry):
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"""解析单个 PACKAGE 条目，返回 (fp, value, [refs])。
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兼容两种行格式：
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单行: FP ! FP ! '{Value}' ; REF1 REF2 ...
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多行: FP ! FP ! '{Value}' , 然后续行列 REF
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字段(封装/值)取首行按 ! 分割；refs 取首行 ';' 之后 + 所有续行。
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"""
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lines = entry.split('\n')
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first = lines[0].strip()
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head = first.split(';', 1)[0] if ';' in first else first
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fields = [x.strip() for x in head.split('!')]
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fp = fields[0] if fields else ''
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value = fields[2].strip().rstrip(',') if len(fields) > 2 else ''
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refpart = first.split(';', 1)[1] if ';' in first else ''
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if len(lines) > 1:
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refpart = (refpart + '\n' if refpart else '') + '\n'.join(lines[1:])
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toks = re.split(r'[\s,]+', refpart.replace(',', ' '))
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refs = [t for t in toks if t and REF_RE.match(t)]
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return fp, value, refs
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def parse_netlist(path):
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"""解析 .tel。返回 (packages, nets)
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packages: {ref: {'fp': 封装, 'value': 值}}
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nets: {net: [(ref, pin), ...]}
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"""
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with open(path, encoding='utf-8', errors='replace') as f:
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text = f.read()
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sections = {}
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name, buf = None, []
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for ln in text.splitlines():
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if ln.startswith('$'):
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if name:
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sections[name] = buf
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name = ln.strip().lstrip('$')
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buf = []
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elif name:
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buf.append(ln)
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if name:
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sections[name] = buf
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packages = {}
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for entry in _group_entries(sections.get('PACKAGES', []),
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lambda ln: ' ! ' in ln):
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fp, value, refs = _parse_package(entry)
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if not fp:
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continue
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for r in refs:
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packages[r] = {'fp': fp, 'value': value}
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nets = {}
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for entry in _group_entries(sections.get('NETS', [])):
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head, toks = _tokens_after(entry)
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name = head.strip().strip("'\"")
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if not name:
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continue
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pins = []
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for t in toks:
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ref, _, pin = t.rpartition('.')
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if REF_RE.match(ref) and pin:
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pins.append((ref, pin))
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if pins:
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nets[name] = pins
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return packages, nets
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def build_pin_index(packages, nets):
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"""pin_index[ref][pin] = [net, ...]；unused_refs = 有封装无网络的位号"""
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pin_index = defaultdict(lambda: defaultdict(list))
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seen_refs = set()
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for net, pins in nets.items():
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for ref, pin in pins:
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pin_index[ref][pin].append(net)
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seen_refs.add(ref)
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for ref in list(pin_index):
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if ref not in packages:
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pass # 网络中出现但 PACKAGES 缺失（如被 DNP 隐藏），仍保留
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unused = [r for r in packages if r not in seen_refs]
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return pin_index, sorted(unused)
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# ---------------------------------------------------------------- 知识库
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def load_kb(path):
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"""返回 (instances, nets)
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instances: {ref: {mpn, pkg, desc}}
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nets: {net: {func, gpio, note}}
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说明：本工程 KiCad 符号引脚号为任意编号（非数据手册脚号，如 U17.133=PB3），
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故语义标注落在【网络名】与【位号】两级，不做引脚级断言。
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"""
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with open(path, encoding='utf-8') as f:
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kb = json.load(f)
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return kb.get('instances', {}), kb.get('nets', {})
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# ---------------------------------------------------------------- 分类规则
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GROUND_NETS = {'GND', 'AGND', 'PGND', 'CGND'}
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RAIL_NETS = {'3.3V', '5V', 'C3.3V', 'G3.3V', 'AVCC', 'AVDDL', 'STM_VDDA', 'VDD50'}
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CLOCK_NETS = {'XI', 'XO', 'RXI', 'RXO', 'CLOCK'}
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def classify_net(name, pins=None, pin_index=None):
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"""返回 (类别, 说明)。类别: GND / POWER / CLOCK / SIGNAL
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串行时钟 (SCK/SCL/SCLK) 归 SIGNAL（接口信号），仅系统/晶振时钟归 CLOCK。"""
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if name in GROUND_NETS or name.endswith('_GND'):
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return 'GND', '地'
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if name in RAIL_NETS or re.fullmatch(r'\d+\.\d+V', name) or name.startswith('VDD'):
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return 'POWER', '电源轨'
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if name in CLOCK_NETS:
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return 'CLOCK', '时钟'
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return 'SIGNAL', '信号'
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# 接口分组规则：按网名匹配（顺序敏感，先匹配先归组）
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INTERFACE_RULES = [
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('以太网 MDI', 'U2 RTL8305 双口 MDI → T1 网络变压器 + J1/J2 RJ45（端口A/B）；U1 CH395F 侧为无名网',
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lambda n: n in ('RX_P', 'RX_N', 'TX_P', 'TX_N') or
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re.fullmatch(r'RX[AB]_[PN]|TX[AB]_[PN]', n) is not None),
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('SPI-NAND (SPI1)', 'U17 SPI1 → U18 74LVC16245 → U19 GD5F2GQ5UE NAND（双向缓冲）',
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lambda n: n.startswith('GD_') or n in ('SPI1_SOMI', 'SPI1_SIMO')),
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('SPI-ETH (SPI2)', 'U17 SPI2 → U1 CH395F（SPI 以太网）',
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lambda n: n.startswith('CH395F_')),
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('I2C-时钟', 'U17 I2C → U16 SD2506 时钟/RTC 芯片',
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lambda n: n in ('SD_SDA', 'SD_SCL')),
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('UART-ST', 'U17 USART → U9/U10/U11 隔离器 → RS232/RS485 通道',
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lambda n: re.fullmatch(r'ST_(TX|RX)\d', n) is not None or n == 'ST_DIR4'),
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('RS-485', 'U11 信号隔离 + U8 光耦(DIR) → U15 TP8485E → U12 ESD → CN1 485 总线',
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lambda n: n in ('RS485_A', 'RS485_B', 'TX4', 'RX4', 'DIR4')),
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('RS-232', 'U9/U10 隔离 → U13 双通道 232 收发器 → RS232 总线（CN1 / U14）',
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lambda n: re.fullmatch(r'RS232_(TX|RX)\d', n) is not None or
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re.fullmatch(r'[TR]X\d', n) is not None),
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('LCD 8080 并口', 'U17 FSMC → H1 16P 排针 → 板外 LCD（16bit 8080 并口）',
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lambda n: n.startswith('LCD_')),
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('ADC 并口', 'U17 FSMC 读 ↔ U3 TPAFE5160（16bit + 控制线）',
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lambda n: n.startswith('TP_') or re.fullmatch(r'DB\d+', n) is not None),
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('ADC 输入', 'U3 TPAFE5160 8 通道输入（经 R 分压/保护至 AIN）',
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lambda n: n.startswith('AIN') or n.startswith('ADC')),
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('按键', 'U17 GPIO 按键（上拉 3.3V，低有效）',
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lambda n: re.fullmatch(r'KEY\d+', n) is not None),
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('子板接口 (U18)', 'U17 ↔ U18 74LVC16245 ↔ U5 WINGTAT 子板（继电器/告警/状态/外键）',
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lambda n: n.startswith('EXTK') or n.startswith('HT_') or n.startswith('ST_IN_') or
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n.endswith('_LED') or n in ('RELAY_STO', 'H16', 'V15', 'J3', 'F3', 'K3', 'RAS',
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'DQM0', 'DQM1', 'WAIT1', 'SDCKE', 'CF_P', 'CF_Q',
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'V_ZL1', 'V_ZL2', 'R16')),
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('SWD/JTAG 调试', 'U17 调试口 → H2 3P 排针（SWCLK/SWDIO/GND）',
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lambda n: n in ('SWCLK', 'SWDIO', 'NRST')),
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('状态指示', '板级 LED / PHY 中断 / 显示控制',
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lambda n: re.fullmatch(r'LED\d+', n) is not None or
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n in ('PBLED', 'DIS_EEE', 'INT')),
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]
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def group_interfaces(signals):
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groups = OrderedDict()
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ungrouped = []
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for net in signals:
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placed = False
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for gname, gdesc, pat in INTERFACE_RULES:
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if pat(net):
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groups.setdefault(gname, {'desc': gdesc, 'nets': []})['nets'].append(net)
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placed = True
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break
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if not placed:
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ungrouped.append(net)
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return groups, ungrouped
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# ---------------------------------------------------------------- 输出
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def render_semantic(packages, nets, pin_index, instances, nets_kb):
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L = []
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ap = L.append
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def net_ann(net):
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"""网络语义注释（来自知识库 nets 表）；无名网($..)返回空。"""
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if net.startswith('$'):
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return ''
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ann = nets_kb.get(net)
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if not ann:
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return ''
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bits = []
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if ann.get('func'):
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bits.append(ann['func'])
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if ann.get('gpio'):
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bits.append(ann['gpio'])
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if ann.get('note'):
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bits.append(ann['note'])
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return ' '.join(bits)
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ics = sorted((r for r in pin_index if r.startswith('U')),
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key=lambda r: int(re.sub(r'\D', '', r) or 0))
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oths = sorted((r for r in pin_index if not r.startswith('U')))
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ap('# V0.0 网表语义图（自动生成）')
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ap('')
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ap('> 由 `tools/netlist_semantics/netlist_sem.py` 从 `V0.0.tel` + `pinout_kb.json` 生成。')
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ap('> 网表仅含位号/引脚号/网名；MPN 与信号语义由知识库补全。')
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ap('> 注意：KiCad 符号引脚号为任意编号（非数据手册脚号，如 U17.133=PB3），引脚功能以【网名+知识库】为准。')
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ap('')
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ap('## 1. 概览')
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ap('')
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ap(f'- 元件位号: {len(packages)} 组 / 网络: {len(nets)} 条')
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n_gnd = sum(1 for n in nets if n in GROUND_NETS or n.endswith('_GND'))
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n_rail = sum(1 for n in nets if n in RAIL_NETS)
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n_unnamed = sum(1 for n in nets if n.startswith('$'))
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ap(f'- 地网络: {n_gnd} / 电源轨: {n_rail} / 未命名(内部)网: {n_unnamed}')
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ap('')
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# --- 电源域
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ap('## 2. 电源与地')
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ap('')
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ap('| 网络 | 类别 | 连接引脚数 | 主要去向 |')
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ap('|---|---|---|---|')
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for net in sorted(nets, key=lambda n: (n not in RAIL_NETS, n not in GROUND_NETS, n)):
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cat, _ = classify_net(net, nets[net], pin_index)
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if cat not in ('GND', 'POWER'):
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continue
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pins = nets[net]
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ics_hit = sorted(set(r for r, _ in pins if r.startswith('U')))
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others = sorted(set(r for r, _ in pins if not r.startswith('U')))
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dest = ', '.join(ics_hit[:4] + (['…'] if len(ics_hit) > 4 else []))
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if others:
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dest += f" / {len(others)}×被动件"
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ap(f'| {net} | {cat} | {len(pins)} | {dest} |')
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ap('')
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# --- 接口
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groups, ungrouped = group_interfaces(
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[n for n in nets if not n.startswith('$') and
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classify_net(n, nets[n], pin_index)[0] == 'SIGNAL'])
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ap('## 3. 接口与总线')
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ap('')
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for gname, g in groups.items():
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ap(f'### {gname}')
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ap('')
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ap(f'{g["desc"]}')
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ap('')
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ap('| 网络 | 语义（知识库） | 连接 |')
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ap('|---|---|---|')
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for net in g['nets']:
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pins = nets[net]
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desc = ', '.join(f'{r}.{p}' for r, p in pins[:8]) + (' …' if len(pins) > 8 else '')
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ap(f'| {net} | {net_ann(net) or "—"} | {desc} |')
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ap('')
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if ungrouped:
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ap('### 未归类信号')
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ap('')
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ap(', '.join(ungrouped))
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ap('')
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# --- 芯片引脚
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ap('## 4. 芯片引脚')
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ap('')
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for ref in ics:
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info = instances.get(ref, {})
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mpn = info.get('mpn', '?')
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desc = info.get('desc', '')
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fp = packages.get(ref, {}).get('fp', '?')
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pins = pin_index[ref]
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ap(f'### {ref} — {mpn}')
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ap('')
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if desc:
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ap(f'{desc}')
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ap('')
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ap(f'封装: `{fp}`（{len(pins)} 脚入网）')
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ap('')
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ap('| Pin | 网络 | 语义（知识库） |')
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ap('|---|---|---|')
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def _key(kv):
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p = kv[0]
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m = re.fullmatch(r'(\d+)', p)
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return (0, int(m.group(1))) if m else (1, p)
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for pin, nets_h in sorted(pins.items(), key=_key):
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uniq = sorted(set(nets_h))
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ann = '；'.join(a for a in (net_ann(n) for n in uniq) if a) or '—'
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ap(f'| {pin} | {", ".join(uniq)} | {ann} |')
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ap('')
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# --- 其余器件
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ap('## 5. 连接件/晶振/变压器/无源/分立')
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ap('')
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ap('| 位号 | 器件（知识库 MPN） | 引脚→网络 |')
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ap('|---|---|---|')
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for ref in oths:
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info = instances.get(ref, {})
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mpn = info.get('mpn', '')
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fp = packages.get(ref, {}).get('fp', '?')
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what = f'{mpn}（{fp}）' if mpn else fp
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pins = pin_index[ref]
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desc = '; '.join(f'{p}→{", ".join(sorted(set(ns)))}'
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for p, ns in sorted(pins.items(), key=lambda kv: kv[0]))
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ap(f'| {ref} | {what} | {desc} |')
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ap('')
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return '\n'.join(L) + '\n'
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def dump_pins(packages, nets):
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pin_index, unused = build_pin_index(packages, nets)
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print(f'== PACKAGES: {len(packages)} refs; NETS: {len(nets)} ==')
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print(f'== refs in packages but on no net: {unused} ==')
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ics = sorted((r for r in pin_index if r.startswith('U')),
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key=lambda r: int(re.sub(r'\D', '', r) or 0))
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oths = sorted(r for r in pin_index if not r.startswith('U'))
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for ref in ics + oths:
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fp = packages.get(ref, {}).get('fp', '?')
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pins = pin_index[ref]
|
||||
print(f'\n### {ref} [{fp}] ({len(pins)} pins)')
|
||||
|
||||
def _key(kv):
|
||||
p = kv[0]
|
||||
m = re.fullmatch(r'(\d+)', p)
|
||||
return (0, int(m.group(1))) if m else (1, p)
|
||||
|
||||
for pin, nets_h in sorted(pins.items(), key=_key):
|
||||
print(f' {pin:>4} {", ".join(sorted(set(nets_h)))}')
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# ---------------------------------------------------------------- main
|
||||
|
||||
def main():
|
||||
here = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
|
||||
ap = argparse.ArgumentParser(
|
||||
description='KiCad Pcbnew .tel 网表语义化（解析 + 引脚知识库 + 规则引擎）')
|
||||
sub = ap.add_subparsers(dest='cmd', required=True)
|
||||
|
||||
p1 = sub.add_parser('dump-pins', help='按位号列出 引脚→网络（用于编制知识库）')
|
||||
p1.add_argument('netlist')
|
||||
|
||||
p2 = sub.add_parser('semantic', help='生成语义图 Markdown')
|
||||
p2.add_argument('netlist')
|
||||
p2.add_argument('-o', '--out', default=None,
|
||||
help='输出文件（缺省打印到 stdout）')
|
||||
p2.add_argument('--kb', default=os.path.join(here, 'pinout_kb.json'))
|
||||
|
||||
a = ap.parse_args()
|
||||
packages, nets = parse_netlist(a.netlist)
|
||||
if a.cmd == 'dump-pins':
|
||||
dump_pins(packages, nets)
|
||||
else:
|
||||
pin_index, unused = build_pin_index(packages, nets)
|
||||
instances, nets_kb = load_kb(a.kb)
|
||||
doc = render_semantic(packages, nets, pin_index, instances, nets_kb)
|
||||
if a.out:
|
||||
with open(a.out, 'w', encoding='utf-8', newline='\n') as f:
|
||||
f.write(doc)
|
||||
print(f'written: {a.out} ({len(doc)} chars)')
|
||||
else:
|
||||
sys.stdout.write(doc)
|
||||
print(f'[stats] packages={len(packages)} nets={len(nets)} '
|
||||
f'kb_instances={len(instances)} kb_nets={len(nets_kb)} unused={unused}',
|
||||
file=sys.stderr)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
if __name__ == '__main__':
|
||||
main()
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user