diff --git a/Drivers/BSP/GD5F2GQ5UE/nand_ftl.c b/Drivers/BSP/GD5F2GQ5UE/nand_ftl.c
index 9d281bfd..0702e20c 100644
--- a/Drivers/BSP/GD5F2GQ5UE/nand_ftl.c
+++ b/Drivers/BSP/GD5F2GQ5UE/nand_ftl.c
@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@ static uint8_t                s_initialized;
 
 static int ftl_flush_cache(void);
 static int ftl_read_page(dhara_sector_t lpn);
+static void ftl_scan_checks_raw(void);
 
 /* SPI 原语从 gd5f2gq5ue.h 获取 */
 
@@ -205,6 +206,12 @@ DSTATUS disk_initialize(BYTE pdrv) {
 
     dhara_map_init(&s_map, &s_nand, s_page_buf, 4);
 
+    /* 诊断：resume 前的裸 NAND checkpoint 扫描（复位后地面真值，
+     * 不经 FTL 缓存）——判定上一开机的 checkpoint 页是否真正写入芯片 */
+    DBG_INFO("Pre-resume raw check scan start: blocks=%lu",
+             (unsigned long)s_nand.num_blocks);
+    ftl_scan_checks_raw();
+
     memset(s_cache_buf, 0, FTL_PAGE_SIZE);
     s_cached_lpn = (dhara_sector_t)-1;   /* -1 表示缓存未加载；LPN 0 合法，不能用 0 作哨兵 */
     s_cache_dirty = 0;
@@ -421,9 +428,34 @@ void nand_ftl_log_state(const char *tag)
              (unsigned long)dhara_map_size(&s_map));
 }
 
+/* 打印某块 checkpoint 页的 16 字节 header（magic/epoch/tail/bb），
+ * 用于区分"未落盘(全FF)"/"编程失败(花)"/"完整" 三种状态 */
+static void ftl_dump_checkheader(uint32_t blk)
+{
+    uint8_t hdr[16];
+
+    const uint32_t pg = ftl_phy_page((blk << s_nand.log2_ppb) |
+                                     ((1u << s_map.journal.log2_ppc) - 1u));
+    if (gd5f_page_read(pg) != GD5F_OK) {
+        DBG_INFO("check hdr blk %lu: read fail", (unsigned long)blk);
+        return;
+    }
+    gd5f_read_from_cache(0, hdr, sizeof(hdr));
+    DBG_INFO("check hdr blk %lu: %02X %02X %02X %02X %02X %02X %02X %02X "
+             "%02X %02X %02X %02X %02X %02X %02X %02X",
+             (unsigned long)blk,
+             (unsigned int)hdr[0], (unsigned int)hdr[1], (unsigned int)hdr[2],
+             (unsigned int)hdr[3], (unsigned int)hdr[4], (unsigned int)hdr[5],
+             (unsigned int)hdr[6], (unsigned int)hdr[7],
+             (unsigned int)hdr[8], (unsigned int)hdr[9], (unsigned int)hdr[10],
+             (unsigned int)hdr[11], (unsigned int)hdr[12], (unsigned int)hdr[13],
+             (unsigned int)hdr[14], (unsigned int)hdr[15]);
+}
+
 /* 全扫每块首组 checkpoint 页（magic+epoch），打印连续区段分布，
- * 用于识别 journal 环上的 epoch 分界与空洞 */
-void nand_ftl_scan_checks(void)
+ * 用于识别 journal 环上的 epoch 分界与空洞。
+ * 裸读（gd5f 页读），不受 FTL 缓存影响 = NAND 真实内容。 */
+static void ftl_scan_checks_raw(void)
 {
     uint32_t i;
     uint8_t buf[8];
@@ -434,12 +466,6 @@ void nand_ftl_scan_checks(void)
     uint8_t run_epoch = 0;
     uint8_t run_open = 0;
 
-    if (!s_initialized) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    DBG_INFO("check scan start: blocks=%lu", (unsigned long)s_nand.num_blocks);
-
     for (i = 0; i < s_nand.num_blocks; i++) {
         const uint32_t pg = ftl_phy_page((i << s_nand.log2_ppb) |
                                          ((1u << s_map.journal.log2_ppc) - 1u));
@@ -457,6 +483,7 @@ void nand_ftl_scan_checks(void)
                     DBG_INFO("check run: blk %lu..%lu epoch=%u (%lu blocks)",
                              (unsigned long)run_start, (unsigned long)run_prev,
                              (unsigned int)run_epoch, (unsigned long)run_len);
+                    ftl_dump_checkheader(run_start);
                 }
                 run_start = i;
                 run_epoch = ep;
@@ -471,6 +498,17 @@ void nand_ftl_scan_checks(void)
         DBG_INFO("check run: blk %lu..%lu epoch=%u (%lu blocks)",
                  (unsigned long)run_start, (unsigned long)run_prev,
                  (unsigned int)run_epoch, (unsigned long)run_len);
+        ftl_dump_checkheader(run_start);
     }
     DBG_INFO("check scan done: %lu checkpoint blocks", (unsigned long)total);
 }
+
+void nand_ftl_scan_checks(void)
+{
+    if (!s_initialized) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    DBG_INFO("check scan start: blocks=%lu", (unsigned long)s_nand.num_blocks);
+    ftl_scan_checks_raw();
+}