docs(测试说明): 交流动态验证轮次加四张导读图（两 SVG 生成器 + 两 Mermaid）

§8 开头插「六轮速查卡」：3x2 面板，每轮注入信号缩略图数据驱动
（正弦 / 同峰值方波三角 / UA·UN 异相 / 扫频 / 负半周钉 0 / 谐波叠
加），一卡给接法、判据一句话、主读数出口，先立轮廓再进执行卡。

§8.5 插「为什么连取 10 行取中位数」概念图：左栏机理（定宽 20 拍
窗逐窗滑动 → 读数拍频跳），右栏操作（中位数 / 平均 / 真值三线
错位对照 + 毛刺行标注）——取数口径 4e4d597e 刚定，此图补原理。

§8.3 / §8.5 各加一张 Mermaid：接线拓扑（端接高阻、万用表并接、
单点共地、STM32 五路仅削顶轮支线）；单轮执行主干（采集链与偏差
两级决策、分诊虚线回环，汇于关输出填表）。

新增生成器 gen_ac_rounds_svg.py / gen_ac_median_svg.py（纯标准库、
OVERFLOW 预检归零、generated-fresh 自动在册），README 补两行台账。

验证：两产物连跑两次 sha1 不变；check_generated_fresh rc=0 无
DIFF / NEW、漂移基线不增；mermaid-syntax 2 围栏新发 0；headless
Chrome 截图回读三轮，修掉两类只有渲染才暴露的真错（正文 x 在卡
循环外算导致第 2、3 列叠进第 1 列；三角波闭式值域 −2..4 画越界
尖峰）。六文件 BOM / CR / U+FFFD 均零。

注：当前 check_doc_links --all 报 27 处，全属并发会话在改的产品
需求三份文档，与本笔无关、未触碰。

docs/images/交流六轮速查.svg

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+<text x="94.0" y="244.0" font-size="11.5" fill="#64748b">UA（R31）端子侧，正弦 50.000 Hz、1.000 V</text>
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+<text x="394.0" y="151.0" font-size="10.5" fill="#64748b">同峰值对齐（不是同 Vrms）</text>
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+<text x="420.0" y="244.0" font-size="11.5" fill="#64748b">同峰值 1.414 V 改方波 / 三角（面板有效值各</text>
+<text x="420.0" y="260.0" font-size="11.5" fill="#64748b">异）</text>
+<text x="384.0" y="280.0" font-size="11" font-weight="700" fill="#0d9488">判据</text>
+<text x="420.0" y="280.0" font-size="11.5" fill="#0f172a">读数只跟基波：方波 ≈1278、三角 ≈817，±2 %</text>
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+<text x="420.0" y="300.0" font-size="11.5" fill="#64748b">meas: ua_mv；抬头记万用表响应类型</text>
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+<text x="710.0" y="132.0" font-size="15" font-weight="700" fill="#0f172a">相位轮</text>
+<text x="1000.0" y="132.0" font-size="10.5" text-anchor="end" font-weight="700" fill="#16a34a">定量 · 取段</text>
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+<text x="746.0" y="540.0" font-size="11.5" fill="#0f172a">Ia2 / Ia5 各 ≈0.160 Vrms，±2 %（最坏峰值</text>
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+<text x="710.0" y="576.0" font-size="11" font-weight="700" fill="#7c3aed">出口</text>
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+<text x="746.0" y="592.0" font-size="11.5" fill="#64748b">目检旁证</text>
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+<text x="46.0" y="656.0" font-size="13" fill="#64748b">顺序与耗时见 §8.6（约 135 min 一趟 session）；[ERR] 判读见 §8.7，失败先查 §8.8 分诊表。波形缩略图只表形状，不代表真实幅度刻度。</text>
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docs/images/交流定数取中位数.svg

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+<text x="46.0" y="42.0" font-size="21" font-weight="700" fill="#0f172a">交流轮为什么连取 10 行、取中位数 —— 机理与操作</text>
+<text x="46.0" y="68.0" font-size="12.5" fill="#64748b">meas: 是瞬时基波有效值透传：200 ms 是上送节拍、不是平均窗（数据可信 §4.5）——单行可能恰好抓到波峰或波谷，毛刺行会拖偏算术平均，中位数对两头都钝感</text>
+<text x="46.0" y="146.0" font-size="13.5" font-weight="700" fill="#0f172a">机理：窗定宽 20 拍，截到的相位逐窗滑动</text>
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+<line x1="395.1" y1="374.0" x2="395.1" y2="380.0" stroke="#94a3b8" stroke-width="0.8"/>
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+<text x="454.0" y="394.0" font-size="10.5" text-anchor="end" fill="#64748b">拍（1 kHz）</text>
+<text x="46.0" y="410.0" font-size="11.5" fill="#64748b">发生器频率与 1 kHz 时基不严格同步：每过一个窗，尾部多算 / 少算一小段 →</text>
+<text x="46.0" y="428.0" font-size="11.5" fill="#64748b">基波值围绕真值上下小幅摆动（拍频式）→ 每一行心跳落在摆动带的不同位置</text>
+<text x="522.0" y="146.0" font-size="13.5" font-weight="700" fill="#0f172a">操作：这 10 行里取哪个数当代表</text>
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+<line x1="522.0" y1="402.0" x2="864.0" y2="402.0" stroke="#334155" stroke-width="1.6"/>
+<line x1="518.0" y1="387.2" x2="864.0" y2="387.2" stroke="#cbd5e1" stroke-width="0.8"/>
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+<text x="514.0" y="302.8" font-size="10.5" text-anchor="end" fill="#64748b">1010</text>
+<line x1="518.0" y1="210.5" x2="864.0" y2="210.5" stroke="#e2e8f0" stroke-width="0.8"/>
+<text x="514.0" y="214.5" font-size="10.5" text-anchor="end" fill="#64748b">1030</text>
+<text x="514.0" y="168.0" font-size="10.5" text-anchor="end" fill="#64748b">ua_mv</text>
+<line x1="528.0" y1="343.0" x2="864.0" y2="343.0" stroke="#64748b" stroke-width="1.2" stroke-dasharray="6 4"/>
+<text x="872.0" y="358.0" font-size="10.5" fill="#64748b">真值（万用表 × 1000）</text>
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+<text x="872.0" y="333.4" font-size="10.5" font-weight="700" fill="#16a34a">中位数 1001.5 ← 本条取它</text>
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+<text x="872.0" y="307.1" font-size="10.5" fill="#2563eb">平均 1003.6（被拖高）</text>
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+<text x="579.6" y="418.0" font-size="10.5" text-anchor="middle" fill="#64748b">2</text>
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+<text x="646.7" y="418.0" font-size="10.5" text-anchor="middle" fill="#64748b">4</text>
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+<text x="680.2" y="418.0" font-size="10.5" text-anchor="middle" fill="#64748b">5</text>
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+<text x="814.4" y="418.0" font-size="10.5" text-anchor="middle" fill="#64748b">9</text>
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+<text x="848.0" y="418.0" font-size="10.5" text-anchor="middle" fill="#64748b">10</text>
+<text x="848.0" y="200.5" font-size="10.5" text-anchor="middle" font-weight="700" fill="#e11d48">毛刺行</text>
+<text x="546.0" y="436.0" font-size="10.5" fill="#64748b">心跳行号（每行间隔 200 ms）</text>
+<line x1="497.0" y1="120.0" x2="497.0" y2="452.0" stroke="#cbd5e1" stroke-width="1"/>
+<text x="46.0" y="462.0" font-size="11.5" font-weight="700" fill="#0f172a">操作：稳定 ≥30 s 后，把连续 10 行心跳的 ua_mv 记进记录表（备注顺手记跳动区间 min–max），排序取第 5、6 个的平均 = 本条代表数；偏差 % 用它对万用表 × 1000。</text>
+<line x1="46.0" y1="502.0" x2="1014.0" y2="502.0" stroke="#cbd5e1" stroke-width="1"/>
+<text x="46.0" y="522.0" font-size="12.5" fill="#64748b">非整 50 Hz 时 meas: 来回跳是预期（§8.8 分诊同一条）；扫频时读 freq(hb)，别读 meas:。左图频差为示意刻意夸大，实拍跳动只有几个 LSB 的量级。</text>
+</svg>

docs/测试说明/专项验证/ADC前端注入验证流程.md

@@ -291,6 +291,10 @@ TPAFE 是双极性、二进制补码，可以注负压；STM32 是单极性，
 >
 > **引用写法**：本节凡引用判据文档的小节，一律写成「文件名 + 小节号」的紧邻形式；只写 §8.x 的是本文自己的节。
 
+先下图建立全局轮廓——每一轮注什么波形、验什么、读哪个出口，再进 §8.5 逐轮执行卡：
+
+![六轮一图速查：注入信号形状 → 接法与设定 → 判据一句话 → 主读数出口；过判据属主在 数据可信.md §4.6.2](../../images/交流六轮速查.svg)
+
 ### 8.1 动手前先把出口分辨率算清楚（决定今天能判到哪一档）
 
 这一轮和直流轮次**不一样：样本出口已经有了**。2026-10-29 故障录波的数据面并入主干，一次触发就是一段
@@ -369,6 +373,18 @@ TPAFE 是双极性、二进制补码，可以注负压；STM32 是单极性，
 4. **电流通道也是注电压**：`IA` 的注入点同样是电压进 R19 端子侧。这一轮证的是"给定引脚电压算得对不对"，
    不是"一次侧 1 A 怎么办"——后者要变比，属 `docs/任务规划/数据可信.md` §5 的端子 / 子板变比确认。
 
+四条接线画在一张图上（发生器 → 端子侧焊盘是一条主干，万用表并接、共地是两条必须存在的旁路）：
+
+```mermaid
+flowchart LR
+  G["信号发生器<br/>输出端接 = 高阻<br/>（按 50 Ω 端接读数差 2 倍）"] -->|"注 UA / UN / IA：端子侧焊盘<br/>（1:1 已由直流轮次实测）"| R31["串阻 1 k 的 1 脚侧<br/>R31 / R28 / R19 …"]
+  R31 --> FE["前端分压 / 滤波"] --> U5["U5 排针 → 转换器引脚<br/>（TPAFE AIN_x 或 STM32 脚）"]
+  M["万用表 AC 档<br/>记响应类型"] -.->|"并接同一注入点<br/>量真实加到板上的电压"| R31
+  G -.->|"LO/GND 与板 AGND<br/>单点共地"| AGND["板 AGND"]
+  AGND -->|"不共地量到的是两地之差"| U5
+  G -.->|"注 UB 等 STM32 那五路（仅削顶轮）<br/>负半周经片内钳位 ≈1.1 mA"| R52["R52 端子侧"] --> STM["STM32 ADC 脚<br/>（无外置钳位 / 隔直电容）"]
+```
+
 ### 8.4 记录表抬头（每条用例一份，与日志一起归档）
 
 ```text
@@ -389,6 +405,31 @@ TPAFE 是双极性、二进制补码，可以注负压；STM32 是单极性，
 **瞬时基波有效值透传**、200 ms 是上送节拍不是平均窗（`docs/任务规划/数据可信.md` §4.5），
 单行读数带拍频式跳动，必须看一片取**中间水平（中位数）**才能定数。
 
+通用动作主干与两处分岔（采集链没清 → 回头修；偏差没进 → 先复核查再判）：
+
+```mermaid
+flowchart TD
+  W["接好本路，开机前置门已过（§8.2）"] --> ON["开发生器输出"]
+  ON --> ST["等 ≥30 s：相量窗与 meas 轨稳定"]
+  ST --> HB["取连续 ≥10 行心跳"]
+  HB --> Q1{"frames 在涨、adc1_err = 0 ？"}
+  Q1 -->|"否：是节拍 / 丢帧问题"| TRI["先查 §8.8 分诊<br/>别归因给波形"]
+  TRI -.->|"修复后重来"| ST
+  Q1 -->|是| MED["10 行读数排序<br/>取第 5、6 个的平均 = 中位数"]
+  MED --> Q2{"与期望的偏差在判据内？"}
+  Q2 -->|是| OK["记通过"]
+  Q2 -->|"否"| CHK["先复核查：发生器端接、<br/>万用表响应类型、共地"]
+  CHK -->|"复查仍超"| BAD["记不通过，进 §8.8 分诊"]
+  CHK -->|"查出问题改完重测"| ST
+  OK --> OFF["关输出，填记录表"]
+  BAD --> OFF
+  OFF --> NEXT["下一条 / 下一轮"]
+```
+
+为什么这一步是"中位数"而不是单行或平均——机理与操作：
+
+![为什么连取 10 行取中位数：窗滑动让读数拍频式上下跳（左）；中位数贴着密集簇，平均被毛刺拖走（右）](../../images/交流定数取中位数.svg)
+
 #### 幅值轮：基波幅值（主用例，先做）
 
 | 项 | 内容 |

tools/arch_diagram/README.md

@@ -25,6 +25,8 @@
 | `gen_sample_ring_why_svg.py` | 采样环缓冲_为什么需要 | 上游 1 kHz 覆盖写只交最新一帧 vs 下游要 20 点滑窗：缺口 19 点与三个消费者 |
 | `gen_sample_ring_layout_svg.py` | 采样环缓冲_环形布局 | 40 格环里哪 20 格是本窗、写指针指「下一格」、回绕与三条设计不变量 |
 | `gen_sample_ring_start_svg.py` | 采样环缓冲_窗首下标 | 窗首 = head − n 的圆周走法，与「直接减 / 16 位回绕 / 先加 DEPTH」三种写法对照 |
+| `gen_ac_rounds_svg.py` | 交流六轮速查 | 执行手册 §8 六轮总览卡：每轮注什么波形（正弦/方波三角/异相/扫频/削顶/谐波叠加缩略图）、判据一句话、主读数出口 |
+| `gen_ac_median_svg.py` | 交流定数取中位数 | 「连取 10 行取中位数」的机理（全周窗滑动 → 读数拍频跳）与操作（中位数 vs 平均 vs 单行对真值）两栏数值示意 |
 
 ## 使用方式
 

tools/arch_diagram/gen_ac_median_svg.py

@@ -0,0 +1,274 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""生成 docs/images/交流定数取中位数.svg —— 交流轮为什么必须「连取 10 行心跳、取中位数」：
+左半讲机理（全周窗逐拍滑动 → 单行带拍频跳动），右半讲操作（10 行里任何单行都可能撞
+波峰波谷、毛刺行拖偏算术平均，中位数对两头都钝感）。
+
+为什么不用 Mermaid：本图是两幅带刻度的数值示意图（正弦 + 窗框、散点 + 三条水平基准线），
+坐标与数值就是语义本身；Mermaid 只能画盒子和箭头，画不出「中位数线贴着密集簇、
+平均线被毛刺拽走」这个高度差对比。
+
+用法（仓库根目录，任意 python3）：
+    python tools/arch_diagram/gen_ac_median_svg.py
+输出：
+    docs/images/交流定数取中位数.svg
+改内容：`vals` / 文案变了才重跑；调坐标编辑下方常量。数值一律硬编码，保证逐字节幂等。
+"""
+import html
+import math
+import os
+import sys
+import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
+
+
+def emit(s):
+    """控制台打印按目标编码替换，绝不因 GBK 终端遇上 −/≈ 之类字符而崩
+    （generated-fresh 钩子会把本脚本拷进临时目录重跑，崩了就是一片假红）。"""
+    enc = getattr(sys.stdout, "encoding", None) or "ascii"
+    sys.stdout.write(s.encode(enc, "replace").decode(enc, "replace") + "\n")
+
+ROOT = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))))
+OUT = os.path.join(ROOT, "docs", "images", "交流定数取中位数.svg")
+
+# ----------------------------- 画布与尺寸 -----------------------------
+W = 1060
+H = 566
+PAD = 46
+RIGHT = W - PAD
+
+FONT = "Microsoft YaHei, Segoe UI, PingFang SC, sans-serif"
+TITLE_FONT = 21
+SUB_FONT = 12.5
+HEAD_FONT = 13.5
+BODY_FONT = 11.5
+TINY_FONT = 10.5
+
+INK = "#0f172a"
+LINE = "#334155"
+MUTED = "#64748b"
+FAINT = "#94a3b8"
+RULE = "#cbd5e1"
+WHITE = "#ffffff"
+C_BLUE = "#2563eb"
+BG_BLUE = "#eff6ff"
+C_GREEN = "#16a34a"
+C_ROSE = "#e11d48"
+BG_ROSE = "#fff1f2"
+C_AMBER = "#d97706"
+
+# ----------------------------- 数据（改这里） -----------------------------
+TITLE = "交流轮为什么连取 10 行、取中位数 —— 机理与操作"
+SUB1 = ("meas: 是瞬时基波有效值透传：200 ms 是上送节拍、不是平均窗（数据可信 §4.5）——"
+        "单行可能恰好抓到波峰或波谷，毛刺行会拖偏算术平均，中位数对两头都钝感")
+
+# 十行 ua_mv（1 mV 分辨率）：第 9 行是偶发毛刺行
+VALS = [998, 1003, 996, 1001, 999, 1006, 997, 1004, 1002, 1030]
+GLITCH_I = 9
+TRUE_V = 1000.0
+YLO, YHI = 988.0, 1036.0
+
+OPS_NOTE = ("操作：稳定 ≥30 s 后，把连续 10 行心跳的 ua_mv 记进记录表（备注顺手记跳动区间 min–max），"
+            "排序取第 5、6 个的平均 = 本条代表数；偏差 % 用它对万用表 × 1000。")
+FOOTNOTE = ("非整 50 Hz 时 meas: 来回跳是预期（§8.8 分诊同一条）；扫频时读 freq(hb)，别读 meas:。"
+            "左图频差为示意刻意夸大，实拍跳动只有几个 LSB 的量级。")
+
+# ----------------------------- 布局 -----------------------------
+LPX, LPW = PAD, 424                      # 左面板（机理）
+RPX, RPW = 522, RIGHT - 522              # 右面板（操作）
+PLOT_T, PLOT_B = 176.0, 404.0
+HDR_Y = 146.0
+
+# ----------------------------- 工具函数 -----------------------------
+def esc(s):
+    return html.escape(s, quote=True)
+
+
+def text_w(s, fs):
+    """粗略估算文本像素宽：CJK/全角 ≈ 1.0em，其余 ≈ 0.58em（宁可偏大）。"""
+    return sum(fs * (1.0 if ord(ch) >= 0x2E80 else 0.58) for ch in s)
+
+
+OVERFLOW = []
+
+
+def check_fit(s, fs, avail, where):
+    if text_w(s, fs) > avail:
+        OVERFLOW.append("%s: %.0f > %.0f  [%s]" % (where, text_w(s, fs), avail, s))
+
+
+def txt(x, y, s, fs, fill, weight=400, anchor=None):
+    a = "" if anchor is None else ' text-anchor="%s"' % anchor
+    w = "" if weight == 400 else ' font-weight="%d"' % weight
+    return ('<text x="%.1f" y="%.1f" font-size="%g"%s%s fill="%s">%s</text>'
+            % (x, y, fs, a, w, fill, esc(s)))
+
+
+def line(x1, y1, x2, y2, color=LINE, width=2.0, dash=None):
+    d = "" if dash is None else ' stroke-dasharray="%s"' % dash
+    return ('<line x1="%.1f" y1="%.1f" x2="%.1f" y2="%.1f" stroke="%s" stroke-width="%g"%s/>'
+            % (x1, y1, x2, y2, color, width, d))
+
+
+def rect(x, y, w, h, fill, stroke=None, rx=8, sw=1.6):
+    s = "" if stroke is None else ' stroke="%s" stroke-width="%g"' % (stroke, sw)
+    return '<rect x="%.1f" y="%.1f" width="%.1f" height="%.1f" rx="%g" fill="%s"%s/>' % (
+        x, y, w, h, rx, fill, s)
+
+
+def poly(pts, color, sw=2.0, dash=None):
+    d = "" if dash is None else ' stroke-dasharray="%s"' % dash
+    p = " ".join("%.1f,%.1f" % (x, y) for x, y in pts)
+    return ('<polyline points="%s" fill="none" stroke="%s" stroke-width="%g" '
+            'stroke-linejoin="round"%s/>' % (p, color, sw, d))
+
+
+def wrap(s, fs, avail, max_lines, where=""):
+    if text_w(s, fs) <= avail:
+        return [s]
+    lines = []
+    cur = ""
+    for ch in s:
+        if text_w(cur + ch, fs) > avail:
+            lines.append(cur)
+            cur = ch
+        else:
+            cur += ch
+    if cur:
+        lines.append(cur)
+    if len(lines) > max_lines:
+        OVERFLOW.append("%s: 折行 %d > %d" % (where, len(lines), max_lines))
+        lines = lines[:max_lines]
+        lines[max_lines - 1] = lines[max_lines - 1][:-1] + "…"
+    return lines
+
+
+# ----------------------------- 左：窗滑动机理 -----------------------------
+def mechanism():
+    out = []
+    add = out.append
+    x0, x1 = LPX, LPX + LPW - 40
+    per = 24.0           # 示意：信号周期 24 拍（真实约 20 拍；频差夸大）
+    win = 20.0           # 全周窗固定 20 拍
+    tmax = 44.0
+    def X(t):
+        return x0 + (x1 - x0) * t / tmax
+    yc = (PLOT_T + PLOT_B) / 2 - 14
+    amp = 74.0
+
+    add(txt(LPX, HDR_Y, "机理：窗定宽 20 拍，截到的相位逐窗滑动", HEAD_FONT, INK, weight=700))
+    # 信号
+    pts = []
+    for i in range(221):
+        t = 44.0 * i / 220.0
+        pts.append((X(t), yc - amp * math.sin(2 * math.pi * t / per)))
+    add(poly(pts, LINE, 1.8))
+    # 两个窗
+    for (t0, c, dash, name) in ((0.0, C_BLUE, None, "窗 A"),
+                                (20.0, C_ROSE, "6 4", "窗 B（下一行心跳）")):
+        add(rect(X(t0), yc - amp - 16, X(t0 + win) - X(t0), 2 * amp + 32, "none", c, rx=6,
+                 sw=1.8 if dash is None else 1.4))
+        add(txt(X(t0) + 4, yc - amp - 22, name, TINY_FONT, c, weight=700))
+    # 拍刻度（每拍一根，只在窗内画，避免刷屏）
+    for k in range(0, 41):
+        add(line(X(k), PLOT_B - 30, X(k), PLOT_B - 24, FAINT, 0.8))
+    add(line(x0, PLOT_B - 24, x1 + 24, PLOT_B - 24, RULE, 1.0))
+    add(txt(x1 + 24, PLOT_B - 10, "拍（1 kHz）", TINY_FONT, MUTED, anchor="end"))
+    # 尾部相位差说明
+    add(txt(x0, PLOT_B + 6,
+            "发生器频率与 1 kHz 时基不严格同步：每过一个窗，尾部多算 / 少算一小段 →",
+            BODY_FONT, MUTED))
+    add(txt(x0, PLOT_B + 24,
+            "基波值围绕真值上下小幅摆动（拍频式）→ 每一行心跳落在摆动带的不同位置",
+            BODY_FONT, MUTED))
+    return out
+
+
+# ----------------------------- 右：取数操作 -----------------------------
+def operation():
+    out = []
+    add = out.append
+    add(txt(RPX, HDR_Y, "操作：这 10 行里取哪个数当代表", HEAD_FONT, INK, weight=700))
+    ax0, ax1 = RPX, RPX + RPW - 150
+    ay0, ay1 = PLOT_T + 8, PLOT_B - 8
+    def Y(v):
+        return ay1 - (v - YLO) / (YHI - YLO) * (ay1 - ay0)
+    def X(i):
+        return ax0 + 24 + i * ((ax1 - ax0 - 40) / 9.0)
+
+    add(line(ax0, ay0 - 12, ax0, ay1 + 6, LINE, 1.6))
+    add(line(ax0, ay1 + 6, ax1, ay1 + 6, LINE, 1.6))
+    for v in (990, 1000, 1010, 1030):
+        add(line(ax0 - 4, Y(v), ax1, Y(v), "#e2e8f0" if v != 990 else RULE, 0.8))
+        add(txt(ax0 - 8, Y(v) + 4, str(v), TINY_FONT, MUTED, anchor="end"))
+    add(txt(ax0 - 8, ay0 - 16, "ua_mv", TINY_FONT, MUTED, anchor="end"))
+
+    srt = sorted(VALS)
+    med = (srt[4] + srt[5]) / 2.0
+    mean = sum(VALS) / float(len(VALS))
+
+    # 三条水平基准：右侧标签逐条错开（线位太近，同高必叠字）
+    lx = ax1 + 8
+    add(line(ax0 + 6, Y(TRUE_V), ax1, Y(TRUE_V), MUTED, 1.2, dash="6 4"))
+    add(txt(lx, Y(TRUE_V) + 15, "真值（万用表 × 1000）", TINY_FONT, MUTED))
+    check_fit("真值（万用表 × 1000）", TINY_FONT, RIGHT - lx, "lbl true")
+    add(line(ax0 + 6, Y(med), ax1, Y(med), C_GREEN, 2.4))
+    add(txt(lx, Y(med) - 3, "中位数 %g ← 本条取它" % med, TINY_FONT, C_GREEN, weight=700))
+    check_fit("中位数 %g ← 本条取它" % med, TINY_FONT, RIGHT - lx, "lbl med")
+    add(line(ax0 + 6, Y(mean), ax1, Y(mean), C_BLUE, 1.4, dash="2 3"))
+    add(txt(lx, Y(mean) - 20, "平均 %g（被拖高）" % mean, TINY_FONT, C_BLUE))
+    check_fit("平均 %g（被拖高）" % mean, TINY_FONT, RIGHT - lx, "lbl mean")
+
+    # 十个点
+    for i, v in enumerate(VALS):
+        c = C_ROSE if i == GLITCH_I else LINE
+        r = 4.6 if i == GLITCH_I else 3.6
+        add('<circle cx="%.1f" cy="%.1f" r="%.1f" fill="%s"/>' % (X(i), Y(v), r, c))
+        add(txt(X(i), ay1 + 22, str(i + 1), TINY_FONT, MUTED, anchor="middle"))
+    add(txt(X(GLITCH_I), Y(VALS[GLITCH_I]) - 10, "毛刺行", TINY_FONT, C_ROSE, weight=700,
+            anchor="middle"))
+    add(txt(ax0 + 24, ay1 + 40, "心跳行号（每行间隔 200 ms）", TINY_FONT, MUTED))
+    return out
+
+
+# ----------------------------- 生成 -----------------------------
+def build():
+    avail = RIGHT - PAD
+    check_fit(TITLE, TITLE_FONT, avail, "title")
+    check_fit(SUB1, SUB_FONT, avail, "sub1")
+
+    out = ['<rect x="0" y="0" width="%d" height="%d" fill="%s"/>' % (W, H, WHITE)]
+    out.append(txt(PAD, 42, TITLE, TITLE_FONT, INK, weight=700))
+    out.append(txt(PAD, 68, SUB1, SUB_FONT, MUTED))
+
+    out.extend(mechanism())
+    out.extend(operation())
+
+    # 竖向分隔
+    out.append(line(497.0, 120.0, 497.0, 452.0, RULE, 1.0))
+
+    ny = 462
+    for i, ln in enumerate(wrap(OPS_NOTE, BODY_FONT, avail, 2, "ops")):
+        out.append(txt(PAD, ny + i * 17, ln, BODY_FONT, INK, weight=700))
+    fy = ny + 40
+    out.append(line(PAD, fy, RIGHT, fy, RULE, 1.0))
+    for i, ln in enumerate(wrap(FOOTNOTE, SUB_FONT, avail, 2, "foot")):
+        out.append(txt(PAD, fy + 20 + i * 18, ln, SUB_FONT, MUTED))
+
+    svg = ('<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="%d" height="%d" '
+           'viewBox="0 0 %d %d" font-family="%s">\n%s\n</svg>\n'
+           % (W, H, W, H, FONT, "\n".join(out)))
+    d = os.path.dirname(OUT)
+    if not os.path.isdir(d):
+        os.makedirs(d)
+    with open(OUT, "w", encoding="utf-8", newline="\n") as fp:
+        fp.write(svg)
+    ET.fromstring(svg)
+    emit("OK %d bytes, canvas %dx%d -> %s" % (len(svg.encode("utf-8")), W, H, OUT))
+    if OVERFLOW:
+        for o in OVERFLOW:
+            emit("OVERFLOW WARN " + o)
+        emit("!! %d overflow warnings" % len(OVERFLOW))
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    build()

tools/arch_diagram/gen_ac_rounds_svg.py

@@ -0,0 +1,323 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""生成 docs/images/交流六轮速查.svg —— 交流（正弦）动态验证六轮：每一轮注什么信号、
+验什么、主读数走哪个出口，一张图先给全局轮廓，再进 §8.5 逐轮执行卡。
+
+为什么不用 Mermaid：本图的语义重心是「每轮注入信号的波形形状」与「三块小面板里
+信号缩略图 + 判据 + 出口的固定排版对位」——Mermaid 画不出正弦/方波/三角/削顶/谐波
+叠加这些波形，也无法把六格对齐成 3x2 卡片。它只适合关系拓扑（那部分另在
+docs/测试说明/专项验证/ADC前端注入验证流程.md §8.3 / §8.5 用 Mermaid 表达）。
+
+用法（仓库根目录，任意 python3）：
+    python tools/arch_diagram/gen_ac_rounds_svg.py
+输出：
+    docs/images/交流六轮速查.svg
+改内容：轮次事实（接法 / 判据 / 出口）变了才重画；调坐标 / 文案编辑下方常量后重跑。
+"""
+import html
+import math
+import os
+import sys
+import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
+
+
+def emit(s):
+    """控制台打印按目标编码替换，绝不因 GBK 终端遇上 ≤/≈ 之类字符而崩
+    （generated-fresh 钩子会把本脚本拷进临时目录重跑，崩了就是一片假红）。"""
+    enc = getattr(sys.stdout, "encoding", None) or "ascii"
+    sys.stdout.write(s.encode(enc, "replace").decode(enc, "replace") + "\n")
+
+ROOT = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))))
+OUT = os.path.join(ROOT, "docs", "images", "交流六轮速查.svg")
+
+# ----------------------------- 画布与尺寸 -----------------------------
+W = 1060
+H = 680
+PAD = 46
+RIGHT = W - PAD
+
+FONT = "Microsoft YaHei, Segoe UI, PingFang SC, sans-serif"
+
+TITLE_FONT = 21
+SUB_FONT = 13
+HEAD_FONT = 15
+LABEL_FONT = 11
+BODY_FONT = 11.5
+TINY_FONT = 10.5
+
+INK = "#0f172a"
+LINE = "#334155"
+MUTED = "#64748b"
+FAINT = "#94a3b8"
+RULE = "#cbd5e1"
+WHITE = "#ffffff"
+
+C_BLUE = "#2563eb"
+BG_BLUE = "#eff6ff"
+C_TEAL = "#0d9488"
+BG_TEAL = "#f0fdfa"
+C_GREEN = "#16a34a"
+BG_GREEN = "#f0fdf4"
+C_AMBER = "#d97706"
+BG_AMBER = "#fffbeb"
+C_ROSE = "#e11d48"
+BG_ROSE = "#fff1f2"
+C_PURPLE = "#7c3aed"
+BG_PURPLE = "#f5f3ff"
+
+# ----------------------------- 布局 -----------------------------
+COLS = 3
+CW = 314
+CH = 246
+GAPX = 12
+GAPY = 14
+X0 = PAD
+Y0 = 106
+THUMB_H = 86
+LABEL_W = 36          # 「注入 / 判据 / 出口」标签列宽
+
+# ----------------------------- 数据（改这里） -----------------------------
+TITLE = "交流动态验证六轮 —— 每一轮注什么信号、读哪个口"
+SUB1 = ("一卡一轮：注入信号缩略图 → 接法与设定 → 判据一句话 → 主读数出口。"
+        "先看图建立全局轮廓，再按 §8.5 的对应执行卡逐轮跑")
+SUB2 = ("六轮共用同一套接线与通用动作；过判据的属主是 docs/任务规划/数据可信.md §4.6.2，"
+        "本图只是导航，不含新判据")
+
+# 每卡：(轮名, 角标, 主色, 底色, 波形类型, 注入, 判据, 出口)
+CARDS = [
+    ("幅值轮", "先做 · 主用例", C_BLUE, BG_BLUE, "amp",
+     "UA（R31）端子侧，正弦 50.000 Hz、1.000 Vrms",
+     "ua_mv 中位数 ≈ 万用表 × 1000，偏差 ≤2 %",
+     "meas: ua_mv 为主；104 0x4011 只作交叉读数"),
+    ("波形轮", "真 RMS ≠ 基波", C_TEAL, BG_TEAL, "three",
+     "同峰值 1.414 V 改方波 / 三角（面板有效值各异）",
+     "读数只跟基波：方波 ≈1278、三角 ≈817，±2 %",
+     "meas: ua_mv；抬头记万用表响应类型"),
+    ("相位轮", "定量 · 取段", C_GREEN, BG_GREEN, "phase",
+     "UA（R31）与 UN（R28）同源同幅 1.000 Vrms",
+     "同段内相位差 ≈0°，B 通道改 90° 应跟到 ≈90°，±2°",
+     "wave_read.py fft 定量；phasor(hb) 只核象限"),
+    ("测频轮", "A 档无数 = 过", C_AMBER, BG_AMBER, "sweep",
+     "UA 同幅值轮接法，扫 45 / 50 / 55 Hz",
+     "A 档如实报不可测：valid=0、UI 显 --；报 50.00 反而是 bug",
+     "freq(hb) 0.01 Hz；UI Hz、104 0x401D"),
+    ("削顶轮", "负向 · 单独日志", C_ROSE, BG_ROSE, "clip",
+     "UB（R52）：DC −1.00 V 保持 ≥5 s，或 2.0 Hz 正弦",
+     "连续 20 拍贴底 → rail / edge 锁存 + 104 该路 IV 清零；50 Hz 正弦不锁存 = 预期",
+     "cal: rail / edge；取段再跑 shape 对表"),
+    ("谐波轮", "定量 · 取段", C_PURPLE, BG_PURPLE, "harm",
+     "IA（R19）：基波 0.800 + 二次 0.160 + 五次 0.160 Vrms",
+     "Ia2 / Ia5 各 ≈0.160 Vrms，±2 %（最坏峰值 1.58 V 留余量）",
+     "wave_read.py fft --ch 4；UI Ia2 / Ia5 目检旁证"),
+]
+
+FOOTNOTE = ("顺序与耗时见 §8.6（约 135 min 一趟 session）；[ERR] 判读见 §8.7，失败先查 §8.8 分诊表。"
+            "波形缩略图只表形状，不代表真实幅度刻度。")
+
+# ----------------------------- 工具函数 -----------------------------
+def esc(s):
+    return html.escape(s, quote=True)
+
+
+def text_w(s, fs):
+    """粗略估算文本像素宽：CJK/全角/圈码/箭头 ≈ 1.0em，其余 ≈ 0.58em（宁可偏大）。"""
+    return sum(fs * (1.0 if ord(ch) >= 0x2E80 else 0.58) for ch in s)
+
+
+OVERFLOW = []
+
+
+def check_fit(s, fs, avail, where):
+    if text_w(s, fs) > avail:
+        OVERFLOW.append("%s: %.0f > %.0f  [%s]" % (where, text_w(s, fs), avail, s))
+
+
+def txt(x, y, s, fs, fill, weight=400, anchor=None):
+    a = "" if anchor is None else ' text-anchor="%s"' % anchor
+    w = "" if weight == 400 else ' font-weight="%d"' % weight
+    return ('<text x="%.1f" y="%.1f" font-size="%g"%s%s fill="%s">%s</text>'
+            % (x, y, fs, a, w, fill, esc(s)))
+
+
+def line(x1, y1, x2, y2, color=LINE, width=2.0, dash=None):
+    d = "" if dash is None else ' stroke-dasharray="%s"' % dash
+    return ('<line x1="%.1f" y1="%.1f" x2="%.1f" y2="%.1f" stroke="%s" stroke-width="%g"%s/>'
+            % (x1, y1, x2, y2, color, width, d))
+
+
+def rect(x, y, w, h, fill, stroke=None, rx=8, sw=1.6):
+    s = "" if stroke is None else ' stroke="%s" stroke-width="%g"' % (stroke, sw)
+    return '<rect x="%.1f" y="%.1f" width="%.1f" height="%.1f" rx="%g" fill="%s"%s/>' % (
+        x, y, w, h, rx, fill, s)
+
+
+def poly(pts, color, sw=2.0, dash=None):
+    d = "" if dash is None else ' stroke-dasharray="%s"' % dash
+    p = " ".join("%.1f,%.1f" % (x, y) for x, y in pts)
+    return ('<polyline points="%s" fill="none" stroke="%s" stroke-width="%g" '
+            'stroke-linejoin="round"%s/>' % (p, color, sw, d))
+
+
+def wrap(s, fs, avail, max_lines, where=""):
+    """按估算宽度折行（CJK 逐字可断）。超出 max_lines 用省略号收尾——
+    宁可提示文案太长，也不让字溢出盒子。"""
+    if text_w(s, fs) <= avail:
+        return [s]
+    lines = []
+    cur = ""
+    for ch in s:
+        if text_w(cur + ch, fs) > avail:
+            lines.append(cur)
+            cur = ch
+        else:
+            cur += ch
+    if cur:
+        lines.append(cur)
+    if len(lines) > max_lines:
+        OVERFLOW.append("%s: 折行 %d > %d" % (where, len(lines), max_lines))
+        lines = lines[:max_lines]
+        lines[max_lines - 1] = lines[max_lines - 1][:-1] + "…"
+    return lines
+
+
+# ----------------------------- 波形缩略图 -----------------------------
+def _sample(fv, x, y0, w, h, n=140):
+    """把 [-1,1] 的值函数 fv(t in 0..1) 画进框 (x, y0, w, h)。"""
+    yc = y0 + h / 2.0
+    amp = h * 0.36
+    pts = []
+    for i in range(n):
+        t = float(i) / (n - 1)
+        pts.append((x + w * t, yc - amp * fv(t)))
+    return pts
+
+
+def thumb(x, y, w, h, kind, c):
+    out = [rect(x, y, w, h, WHITE, RULE, rx=6, sw=1.0)]
+    pad = 10.0
+    ix, iw, ih = x + pad, w - 2 * pad, h - 2 * pad
+    if kind == "amp":
+        out.append(line(x + 4, y + h / 2, x + w - 4, y + h / 2, FAINT, 0.8, dash="3 3"))
+        yc = y + h / 2.0
+        amp = ih * 0.36
+        out.append(line(x + pad, yc - amp, x + w - pad, yc - amp, c, 1.0, dash="5 4"))
+        out.append(line(x + pad, yc + amp, x + w - pad, yc + amp, c, 1.0, dash="5 4"))
+        out.append(poly(_sample(lambda t: math.sin(2 * math.pi * 2 * t), ix, y + pad, iw, ih), c))
+        out.append(txt(x + pad, y + pad - 1, "峰 ±1.414 V · 基波 RMS 1.000 V", TINY_FONT, MUTED))
+    elif kind == "three":
+        yc = y + h / 2.0
+        amp = ih * 0.36
+        out.append(line(x + pad, yc - amp, x + w - pad, yc - amp, FAINT, 0.9, dash="5 4"))
+        slot = iw / 3.0
+        kinds = [lambda t: math.sin(4 * math.pi * t),
+                 lambda t: 1.0 if math.sin(4 * math.pi * t) >= 0 else -1.0,
+                 lambda t: (2.0 / math.pi) * math.asin(math.sin(4 * math.pi * t))]
+        names = ["正弦", "方波", "三角"]
+        for i, fv in enumerate(kinds):
+            sx = ix + i * slot
+            out.append(poly(_sample(fv, sx + 6, y + pad, slot - 12, ih, n=120), c, 1.8))
+            out.append(txt(sx + slot / 2, y + h - 2, names[i], TINY_FONT, MUTED, anchor="middle"))
+        out.append(txt(x + pad, y + pad - 1, "同峰值对齐（不是同 Vrms）", TINY_FONT, MUTED))
+    elif kind == "phase":
+        out.append(line(x + 4, y + h / 2, x + w - 4, y + h / 2, FAINT, 0.8, dash="3 3"))
+        out.append(poly(_sample(lambda t: math.sin(2 * math.pi * 1.5 * t), ix, y + pad, iw, ih),
+                       c, 2.0))
+        out.append(poly(_sample(lambda t: math.sin(2 * math.pi * 1.5 * t + math.pi / 2),
+                                ix, y + pad, iw, ih), C_ROSE, 1.6, dash="6 4"))
+        out.append(txt(x + pad, y + h - 2, "UA 0° 实线", TINY_FONT, c, weight=700))
+        out.append(txt(x + pad + 78, y + h - 2, "UN +90° 红虚线", TINY_FONT, C_ROSE, weight=700))
+    elif kind == "sweep":
+        out.append(line(x + 4, y + h / 2, x + w - 4, y + h / 2, FAINT, 0.8, dash="3 3"))
+        slot = iw / 3.0
+        cyc = [0.9, 1.4, 2.1]
+        labs = ["45 Hz", "50 Hz", "55 Hz"]
+        for i in range(3):
+            sx = ix + i * slot
+            out.append(poly(_sample(lambda t, cc=cyc[i]: math.sin(2 * math.pi * cc * t),
+                                    sx + 5, y + pad, slot - 10, ih, n=100), c, 1.8))
+            out.append(txt(sx + slot / 2, y + h - 2, labs[i], TINY_FONT, MUTED, anchor="middle"))
+    elif kind == "clip":
+        floor_y = y + pad + ih * 0.86
+        out.append(line(x + pad, floor_y, x + w - pad, floor_y, C_ROSE, 1.2, dash="5 4"))
+        yc = y + pad + ih * 0.40
+        amp = ih * 0.46
+        pts = []
+        n = 160
+        for i in range(n):
+            t = float(i) / (n - 1)
+            v = math.sin(2 * math.pi * 2 * t)
+            vv = max(v, 0.0) * 2.0 - 1.0
+            pts.append((ix + iw * t, yc - amp * vv))
+        out.append(poly(pts, c, 2.0))
+        out.append(txt(x + pad, y + pad - 1, "负半周钉 0（贴下轨）", TINY_FONT, MUTED))
+    elif kind == "harm":
+        out.append(line(x + 4, y + h / 2, x + w - 4, y + h / 2, FAINT, 0.8, dash="3 3"))
+
+        def fv(t):
+            w1 = 2 * math.pi * 1.5 * t
+            return (math.sin(w1) + 0.2 * math.sin(2 * w1) + 0.2 * math.sin(5 * w1)) / 1.35
+
+        out.append(poly(_sample(fv, ix, y + pad, iw, ih), c, 2.0))
+        out.append(txt(x + pad, y + pad - 1, "基波 + 2 次 + 5 次", TINY_FONT, MUTED))
+    return out
+
+
+# ----------------------------- 生成 -----------------------------
+def build():
+    out = []
+    add = out.append
+
+    avail = RIGHT - PAD
+    for s, fs, where in ((TITLE, TITLE_FONT, "title"), (SUB1, SUB_FONT, "sub1"),
+                         (SUB2, SUB_FONT, "sub2")):
+        check_fit(s, fs, avail, where)
+
+    body_x = X0 + 12 + LABEL_W
+    body_avail = CW - 24 - LABEL_W
+
+    for idx, (name, tag, c, bg, kind, inj, rule, ex) in enumerate(CARDS):
+        cx = X0 + (idx % COLS) * (CW + GAPX)
+        cy = Y0 + (idx // COLS) * (CH + GAPY)
+        body_x = cx + 12 + LABEL_W
+        check_fit(name + tag, HEAD_FONT, CW - 24, "card %s head" % name)
+        for s, where in ((inj, "inj"), (rule, "rule"), (ex, "exit")):
+            check_fit(s[:14], BODY_FONT, body_avail, "card %s %s firstline" % (name, where))
+
+        add(rect(cx, cy, CW, CH, bg, c, rx=10, sw=2.0))
+        add(txt(cx + 12, cy + 26, name, HEAD_FONT, INK, weight=700))
+        add(txt(cx + CW - 12, cy + 26, tag, TINY_FONT, c, weight=700, anchor="end"))
+        for el in thumb(cx + 12, cy + 36, CW - 24, THUMB_H, kind, c):
+            add(el)
+
+        ty = cy + 36 + THUMB_H + 16
+        for label, s, mx in (("注入", inj, 2), ("判据", rule, 2), ("出口", ex, 2)):
+            add(txt(cx + 12, ty, label, LABEL_FONT, c, weight=700))
+            for ln in wrap(s, BODY_FONT, body_avail, mx, "card %s %s" % (name, label)):
+                add(txt(body_x, ty, ln, BODY_FONT, INK if label == "判据" else MUTED))
+                ty += 16
+            ty += 4
+
+    fy = Y0 + 2 * CH + GAPY + 22
+    add(line(PAD, fy, RIGHT, fy, RULE, 1.0))
+    for i, ln in enumerate(wrap(FOOTNOTE, SUB_FONT, avail, 2, "foot wrap")):
+        add(txt(PAD, fy + 22 + i * 19, ln, SUB_FONT, MUTED))
+
+    svg = ('<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="%d" height="%d" '
+           'viewBox="0 0 %d %d" font-family="%s">\n%s\n</svg>\n'
+           % (W, H, W, H, FONT, "\n".join(out)))
+
+    d = os.path.dirname(OUT)
+    if not os.path.isdir(d):
+        os.makedirs(d)
+    with open(OUT, "w", encoding="utf-8", newline="\n") as fp:
+        fp.write(svg)
+    ET.fromstring(svg)
+    emit("OK %d bytes, canvas %dx%d -> %s" % (len(svg.encode("utf-8")), W, H, OUT))
+    if OVERFLOW:
+        for o in OVERFLOW:
+            emit("OVERFLOW WARN " + o)
+        emit("!! %d overflow warnings" % len(OVERFLOW))
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    build()